Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ipilimumab/nivolumab/pembrolizumab/relatlimab) have
transformed advanced melanoma survival (roughly 6 months to ~50% long-term) and moved
into perioperative use for earlier-stage disease — balanced against an estimated ~58%
melanoma overdiagnosis rate. See Naevi & Melanoma.
HLA-B*58:01 pre-allopurinol screening is now recommended in at-risk ethnic groups
to reduce severe cutaneous adverse reaction (SCAR) risk. See
Drug Reactions & SCARs.
DPP-4 inhibitors (“gliptins”) are a recognised trigger for bullous pemphigoid. See
Bullous Pemphigoid.
Amlodipine is a recognised trigger for cutaneous vasculitis, alongside a
palpable-vs-non-palpable purpura differentiator. See Vasculitis.
Systemic steroids for acute urticaria have only a thin evidence base. See
Urticaria & Angioedema.
Finasteride’s PSA-halving effect and fertility caution noted. See
Alopecia.
JAK inhibitors (baricitinib, ritlecitinib) are now TGA-approved for alopecia
areata.
Physical urticaria subtypes, ACE-inhibitor-angioedema mechanism/timing, and
hereditary angioedema added. See Urticaria & Angioedema.
Ingrown toenails: surgery beats conservative treatment for preventing recurrence,
and adding phenol roughly triples that effect. A 2012 Cochrane review (24 RCTs,
2,826 participants) found surgical treatment more effective than gutter
treatment/bracing; within surgical technique, phenol reduced recurrence from 41% to
14% versus partial nail avulsion with matrix excision alone. The page also now
carries the Heifetz clinical staging system (I–III) matched to conservative →
antibiotic → surgical management. See
Ingrown Toenails.
New pages added
Hidradenitis Suppurativa
(2026-09-01) — recognition, the modified Dessau diagnostic criteria,
Hurley staging (and why it only moves in one direction), general
measures, topical/intralesional/oral-antibiotic/biologic treatment
ladder, and procedural options with their recurrence trade-offs.
Skin Biopsy, Excision & Simple Repairs
(2026-09-01) — choosing punch vs shave vs excisional vs incisional
biopsy by lesion type, technique for each, keratinocyte-cancer margin
marking and the BCC/SCC margin table, and referral thresholds for
high-risk SCC features.
Cellulitis & Skin/Soft-Tissue Infection —
hub page for bacterial skin and soft-tissue infection: portal-of-entry
assessment, the pseudocellulitis mimics (bilateral red legs are almost
never cellulitis), necrotising soft-tissue infection red flags, the eTG
2025 antibiotic regimens with their 5-day duration, hospital-referral
and Hospital-in-the-Home criteria, and recurrent-cellulitis prophylaxis
and decolonisation.