Sarilumab (an IL-6 inhibitor) was FDA-approved (Feb 2023) as the first biologic for
relapsing polymyalgia rheumatica. See
Polymyalgia Rheumatica.
Low back pain management now follows the ACSQHC Low Back Pain Clinical Care
Standard. See Low Back Pain.
Cauda equina/severe lumbar radiculopathy triage has moved to a formal
emergency/urgent/non-urgent red-flag ladder (2025 AJGP framework),
replacing “urgent surgical referral” as a single undifferentiated
instruction, alongside the 2024 AJGP “best practice care for acute low
back pain” article (avoid bed rest). See
Vertebral Dysfunction with Acute Leg & Back Pain.
Steroid injections for plantar fasciitis are now evidenced as
short-term-only: a Cochrane review found they may slightly reduce heel
pain up to one month but not beyond. See
Plantar Fasciitis.
Knee osteoarthritis management reflects newer RACGP guidance plus two key trials:
KANON (rehab-first for ACL injury, not routine early reconstruction) and
FIDELITY (arthroscopy doesn’t help degenerative meniscal tears). See
Knee Osteoarthritis.
Fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria moved from the 2010 to the 2016 ACR update. See
Fibromyalgia.
Shoulder Dislocations, Stabilisation & Labral Injuries gained a
“Reduction technique” section (2026-09-02) — the page previously named
the associated injuries and rehabilitation timeline but never described
how to actually reduce a dislocation. Now covers the pre-reduction X-ray
skip criteria, intra-articular lidocaine as an alternative to procedural
sedation, and technique selection (FARES, traction-countertraction,
Cunningham) based on how the arm is presenting. See
Shoulder Dislocations, Stabilisation & Labral Injuries.
New pages added
Acute Soft-Tissue Injury Management
(2026-09-02) — the shared framework the individual injury pages link
back to: protection vs prolonged rest (immobilisation beyond 4 weeks
is discouraged even for severe sprains), ice/compression evidence,
NSAIDs vs paracetamol vs opioids (a Cochrane review found no clear
pain-relief advantage for NSAIDs, only a different side-effect
profile), when to X-ray, and graduated return to activity. Brand new
page — written against published sources but not yet personally
checked.
Whiplash-Associated Disorder
(2026-09-02) — Quebec Task Force grading, the Canadian C-Spine Rule for
deciding who needs imaging, active management over a cervical collar,
the three recovery trajectories (roughly 45%/40%/15%), and the yellow
flags that drive chronicity more than injury severity does. Previously
only a passing mention on one page. Brand new page — written against
published sources but not yet personally checked.
Open Fractures & Contaminated Limb Wounds
(2026-09-02) — Gustilo-Anderson classification, why antibiotic timing is
the strongest infection-risk factor urgent care controls (studies show a
six-fold or greater difference between early and delayed antibiotics),
photograph-once-then-dress-and-leave-covered, tetanus, and urgent
transfer for surgical debridement. Brand new page — written against
published sources but not yet personally checked.
Extensor Mechanism Ruptures (Quadriceps & Patellar Tendon)
(2026-09-02) — recognising sudden inability to straight-leg-raise as the
key finding, patella baja (quadriceps tear) vs patella alta (patellar
tendon tear) on lateral X-ray, and why any loss of active extension
needs same-day orthopaedic referral rather than a conservative trial.
Brand new page — written against published sources but not yet
personally checked.
Acute Muscle Strains & Tears
(2026-09-02) — the shared 3-grade strain scale, hamstring and
gastrocnemius (“tennis leg”) assessment and management, active
consideration of DVT for a calf strain (up to 10% of clinically
diagnosed tennis leg has DVT with no muscle tear at all), quadriceps/
adductor strains, and return-to-sport criteria. Brand new page —
written against published sources but not yet personally checked.
Hand Tendon & Nerve Lacerations
(2026-09-02) — FDP/FDS isolation testing, the partial-laceration pitfall
(a >50% cut tendon can still move, just weakly and painfully), digital
nerve exam before anaesthetising, flexor/extensor zone basics, the
fight-bite rule for any dorsal MCP wound, and same-day referral
thresholds. Brand new page — written against published sources but not
yet personally checked.
Acute Compartment Syndrome
(2026-09-02) — recognition (pain out of proportion and on passive stretch
as early signs; the five/six P’s as late, unreliable ones), at-risk
injuries, do-not-elevate first aid, and why urgent surgical transfer
cannot wait for further certainty. Previously only mentioned in passing
as a complication on other pages, with no dedicated page teaching
recognition. Brand new page — written against published sources but not
yet personally checked.
Patellar Dislocation
(2026-09-02) — recognition, in-room reduction technique, X-ray findings,
conservative management (brace + physiotherapy) vs surgical referral
criteria, and recurrence-risk counselling. Previously had zero coverage
anywhere on the site despite being a routine urgent-care reduction.
Brand new page — written against published sources but not yet
personally checked.
Fingertip & Nail Bed Injuries
(2026-09-02) — subungual haematoma trephination (current evidence favours
it regardless of haematoma size, superseding the old >50% nail-removal
threshold), nail bed laceration repair, tuft and Seymour fractures, fingertip
amputation management, and high-pressure injection injury as a
hand-surgery emergency. Brand new page — written against published
sources but not yet personally checked.
Finger & Thumb Joint Injuries
(2026-09-02) — volar plate injury and its extension-block splint regimen,
PIP/DIP/MCP dislocation and reduction, collateral ligament sprains, and
thumb ulnar collateral ligament (skier’s/gamekeeper’s) injury including the
Stener lesion. Includes openly-licensed X-ray examples. Brand new page —
written against published sources but not yet personally checked.
Hip & Generalised Osteoarthritis
(2026-09-01) — hip-specific clinical diagnosis and exam signs, the RACGP
hip OA management ladder (where it differs from knee — viscosupplementation
strong-against, capsaicin neutral rather than against), generalised
multi-joint OA, and referral/prehabilitation before joint replacement.
Joint & Soft-Tissue Injection
(2026-09-01) — general corticosteroid injection technique, needle
selection, the aseptic procedure steps, complications and their
incidence, agent solubility, diabetes/glycaemic effects, and the
3-month re-injection interval.
Fracture Immobilisation & Casting
(2026-09-01) — splint vs cast, assessment and X-ray indications before
immobilising, splinting technique and equipment, complications
(compartment syndrome, thermal burn, pressure injury), review timing and
referral thresholds.