Endocrinology & Diabetes — Updates Since 2020

Guideline & practice changes since 2020

  • Menopause content retired from this category — cross-referenced to the fuller womens-health menopause pages rather than duplicated here.
  • Podiatry content moved to musculoskeletal; gout moved to rheumatology.
  • Sleeve gastrectomy is now the most common bariatric operation in Australia, ahead of gastric bypass (Roux-en-Y or one-anastomosis); adjustable gastric banding remains an option. Post-operatively, lifelong vitamin/mineral supplementation with periodic surveillance is required, and pregnancy should be avoided for 12–18 months — with contraception needing active attention given fertility (especially in PCOS) can improve sharply with the weight loss. Tirzepatide dosing detail (2.5mg weekly start, titrating by 2.5mg increments to a 15mg maximum) and precautions (gallbladder disease, pancreatitis history, retinopathy, reduced oral-contraceptive effectiveness after a dose change) added. See Obesity.

New pages added

  • Vitamin D Deficiency (2026-09-01) — at-risk groups, who to test and Australian 25-OHD thresholds, repletion/maintenance dosing by severity, the calcifediol (Vistella) alternative, toxicity data, and monitoring intervals. Written against Australian Prescriber (2010, 2015, 2025) and the ANZBMS/Endocrine Society of Australia/Osteoporosis Australia position statement.
  • Type 1 Diabetes
  • DKA/HHS (emergency hyperglycaemia)
  • Prediabetes
  • Cushing’s Syndrome
  • Sick Day Management of T1DM — added alongside a rewrite of the Type 1 Diabetes page against HNE HealthPathways.
  • Performance & Image Enhancing Drugs (PIEDs) (2026-09-06) — brand-new page on anabolic androgenic steroids and other PIEDs (including peptides): health risks, engaging patients without judgement, baseline investigations/monitoring, harm reduction counselling and referral. Written against AJGP Sep 2026’s harm-reduction article, sitting alongside Male Hypogonadism given the HPT suppression link. Not yet personally checked by Steve.