Cannabis

Intoxication: sedation, euphoria, increased appetite, elevated heart rate, conjunctival reddening, cognitive impairment (including memory loss), psychomotor impairment, altered time perception. Transient panic, anxiety, or paranoia can occur (more often in naive users), as can frank psychosis.

Psychiatric risk: cannabis use may increase the likelihood of a subsequent schizophrenia diagnosis, with heavier and earlier use carrying greater risk. In patients with an existing severe mental illness (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression), cannabis use can increase relapse risk.

Treatment: preliminary evidence supports CBT for cannabis dependence. There is no evidence for any pharmacological treatment of cannabis withdrawal or relapse prevention.